‘Reset’ is a word that is thrown around by dominant interests to express their desire to retard or even stop the accelerating collapse of the modern world system. The project is intended to begin with its main pillar-the global economy. At this juncture in history, we don’t think ‘reset’ is the appropriate word, as it connotes going back to previous arrangements after clearing/cleaning some operational glitches here and there. In reality, the major problems of the world order are essentially structural in nature. Without dealing with these protracted problems honestly and bravely, the current status quo cannot be maintained. In fact, the potential global disruptions can easily trigger widespread civilizational collapse. On this point at least, we agree with the Davos cabal! See the article next column.
Initial perusal suggests the proposed ‘reset’ project is going to have two major shortcomings. It seems the ‘reset’ undertaking would still like to continue the perennial and deeply flawed regime of unequal exchanges. Since the 18th century, the degree of polarization between the core countries and the periphery has become intractable. Two hundred years ago, the ratio of a typical African’s income, compared to that of a typical European’s was only one to three. Today the average ratio is more like thirty-to-one! This sits at the heart of global structural inequality. Unless this exchange regime that is forcefully and systemically imposed on the peripheries is not discarded, the ‘reset’ plan will not go very far in addressing global inequality. The second thorny issue is associated with the various secular trends of the world system. These are not cyclical in nature. Moreover, they are, by and large, irreversible. They include, amongst others things; climate change, ecosystem destruction, resource shortages, the increasing demand of modern labor/citizens (free education, health, housing, clean water, etc.,) compared to earlier phases of capitalism. It is obvious these cannot be ‘reset’, so to speak. For example, the ‘New Green Development’ is a mere ploy to extend the tenure of the current dehumanizing and wasteful order. It is the likes of ‘de-growth’, ‘de-centralization’, de-consumerism, devolution, etc., that should be the vocabularies of the future world system!
Current sectorial situations can better illuminate the depth of the problem the world is facing. In the OECD countries for example, the retail business sector has been declining for decades. Instead of facing the problem honestly, the managers of the world system started to pump money (to consumers) via credit/debts to encourage increased and wasteful consumption. They reckoned this was necessary to sustain global production enterprises. When this failed, the states themselves became consumers of many unnecessary products. For instance, the military-industrial complex cannot survive without the largesse of the states. In late modernity, financialization took the imagination of the elites and replaced real economic activities with financial engineering in a universe of unearned ephemeral phony money. Valuations of companies stopped being correlated with potential income and franchise value. All the useless statistics/indexes became important because of distorted paradigm emanating from financialization!
The travel industry, which is by far the largest sector in the global economy, had to be subdued or even frozen to avoid catastrophic collapse. Almost all airlines in the world operate in red, propaganda aside. This is because of competition and the resultant revenues decline. When total available rooms runs in the tens of thousands while tourist arrival is hardly a thousand per day, (in a particular city/location), this clearly shows the lunacy of late capitalist modernity! On top of this, we now have ‘Airbnb’ (the hosting business), muscling in the hospitality sector. All these were made possible because of easy finance/phony money not grounded on something real. For example, Kenyan tourist arrival has been declining (due to many factors) for years and is now only in the few hundreds of thousands per annum. Yet, the luxury/tourist hotels that are sprinkled all over the country were intended to accommodate few millions of guests per annum. This phenomenon is now given a name, ‘overtourism’!
Housing is another of the global problems that must be tackled squarely. In China alone, there are close to 90 million dwelling units without occupants. Yet, these properties are expected to go up in values, even though they have been empty for decades and decaying. This problem is widespread and is not unique to the Chinese economy. What is frightening about the case of China is; the sector is a USD 52 trillions affair! It is such gross distortions (creating inequality) that are seriously threatening the world order. A rethink not only a reset is in order. The auto industry is another sector where it is absolutely jammed in overproduction. Capacity over and beyond demand is close to one hundred million units per year! The story is more or less the same in the other economic sectors of the world economy. The imbalance that prevails in the financial sector is probably the worst of them all. If one of the so-called ‘system critical banks’ fell, (like the Deutsche Bank, which has been a prime candidate for a long time) the world will be in a real fix!
Only 20% of the global labor power is needed to produce the current global output. Therefore, in a capitalist world economy where 80% of the sheeple (human mass) is considered redundant, how is income to be distributed? With what are we going to replace the stupid idea of unlimited growth that is embedded in current capitalism? How can the world build a more resilient existence, within the healthy confines of the natural ecosystem? We believe a new paradigm away from the old, is urgently required. The Davos jamboree is expected to address these global problematic, come January. Of course, they would like to deal with these massive/deep problems in their own ways. This time around, we believe, dominant interests must concede to the basic demands of the large majority of the global sheeple, which comprises over 90% of the planet’s human population, per force! Otherwise, the future is going to be hard going, mostly for the parasitic elites. The B***S*** must stop. “Liberty is meaningless if it is only the liberty to agree with those in power.” Ludwig von Mises. Good Day!
RETHINKING RESET
Maneuvering the cement shortage crisis
In an attempt to solve the chronic shortage of cement in the market in a sustainable manner the Ministry of Trade and Industry has prepared a guideline that will go into effect starting from Monday August 31st, 2020.
Eshete Asfaw, State Minister of Trade and Industry told Capital that the guideline is mainly prepared to sustain the supply chain, and also will allow the private sector to be involved in the supply of cement. “Previously the Ministry had decided that only governmental organizations would supply cement directly from the factories.”
Guna Trading House Plc, Ambasel Trading House Plc, Biftu Adugna Business S.C., Ethiopian Industrial Input Development Enterprise, and the Ethiopian Trade Works Corporation were authorized to exclusively wholesale but now this has been extended to include private sector enterprises.
According to Melaku Alebel, Minister of Trade and Industry, the shortage of cement is mainly due to lack of spare parts, power outages, lack of inputs, lack of leadership and professional skills, security problems, supply of raw materials, and other pertinent issues.
According to Melaku, the Ministry has prepared three types of solutions; short term, middle term and long term. As he said in a short term solution the ministry has decided to import 3 million tons of cement in the coming three months to solve the current problem. Also the ministry has allowed companies which have foreign currency accounts to import cement to sustain the market.
According to Melaku as a long term solution the ministry is working to increase the production capacity of factories which in return has increased the production capacity of the factories to 63 percent. Beside the government has allocated 85 million dollars to alleviate the shortage of spare parts in the factories.
“Based on the guideline by supporting the factories the ministry is planning to reach up to 85 percent production capacity of factories” said Eshete.
There are about 12 cement factories in the country with 345,000 tones of production capacity per day – of which most of them are operating under their capacity.
In an attempt to solve the problem related to shortages and sky rocketing prices the Ministry authorized five governmental development enterprises and selected private distributers to directly purchase and distribute cement from factories to the open market.
Different stake holders in the sector have pin pointed that the price hike had been caused majorly by the rise of illegal brokers and the inefficient control of the government on the market.
In previous years, as a result of the construction boom, the construction industry, through massive public investment and infrastructure projects have consequently led to a high demand of cement consumption.
According to the Ministry, in the retail market cement is sold around 350 birr per quintal but currently it soars up to 600 birr. The country has a capacity to produce 17.1 million quintals of cement per annum.
DBE doubles performance of loan collection
The state owned financial firm the Development Bank of Ethiopia (DBE), in the past financial year, has successfully been able to double its loan collection capacity despite having a rocky past few years. This has resulted in a significant drop in the Non-Performing Loan (NPL) ratio.
In a webinar evaluation of the past financial year, DBE announced that it secured close to 7.4 billion birr revenue with 111% achievement.
Haileyesus Bekele, President of DBE, described the result as historical for the bank that was in crisis in the past years due to the growing of NPL.
The bank’s revenue has also been boosted by 31 percent compared to the prior year’s performance.
In the 2019/20 financial year the policy bank has secured close to 1.3 billion birr gross profit before tax, while the net profit after tax stood at 1.13 billion birr. This is a first in the history for the bank to register a billion birr profit.
According to the report, the bank approved a loan of 10.4 billion birr with 76 percent of its target during the year. At the same time in the stated period it has disbursed 8.54 billion birr, which is 71 percent compared with the target set for the end year.
The bank has also collected 7.7 billion birr loan from clients in the past year that is 98 percent from its target during the fiscal year.
The loan collection is stated as a big result as it is badly required to reduce the NPL. DBE’s NPL had reached 40 percent about two years ago, while it has reduced it to 34 percent for the 2019/20 financial year.
“Particularly, the bank’s annual loan collection almost doubled as compared to the previous year’s performance and its historical average performance,” the bank stated.
Currently, the bank has a total loan portfolio of 55.67 billion birr, which is a 9 percent increase from the previous year’s amount of 51 billion birr. The NPL’s ratio has also decreased by 4.6 percent in comparison to last year’s performance.
The Bank also sold Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam bond which amounted to 616.43 million birr during the budget year.
Haileyesus also echoed that these achievements would be replicated in the next year by reducing NPL’s through collection of loans and aggressive participation in bond sales.
In 2020/21 fiscal year, the bank targets to approve 10.09 billion birr loan, disburse 10.03 billion birr and collect 8.24 billion birr as well as reduce the NPL ratio to 25 percent.
In May this year the Council of Ministers approved to increase the authorized capital of the bank to 28.5 billion birr.
Addis Ababa on track to meet SDG in access to education
Addis Ababa is on track to meet Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of ensuring all students have access to education.
According to the annual education statistic report of the city administration in the year 2019/20 the Gross Enrolment Ratio /GER/ and Net Enrolment Ratio /NER/ for preprimary education in the city is relatively high at 103.96 and 96.62 respectively. As the report states the number has shown a great increase from the last academic year 2018/19 which was 98 and 87 percent respectively, the highest in the country at the time.
In growing Educational Accessibility in 2019/20 the city administration has increased the number of pre- primary schools to 1,206 from 1,143.
The GER and NER for primary schools in Addis Ababa stood at 137.4 and 97.9 percent in the year 2019/20 which was an improvement from the 2018/19 year.
The national GER target for primary school is 103 percent by 2020, which seems possible to achieve.
The Gender Parity Index (GPI) for Addis Ababa primary education system is 1.15, compared to the national average of 0.9, which means that there are more girls enrolled in primary education than boys in the capital.
The GER in the secondary education in Addis Ababa stood at 99.6 percent for grade 9 to 12 and the NER reached 58.4 for the same grades.
The gender parity in Addis Ababa’s secondary education system stood at 1.16 in 2019/20 which was 1.10 in the prior period.
At the city education bureau, school expansion has been higher in urban areas, mainly because of better infrastructure and the role of the private sector in education.
While many preschools and secondary schools are located in Addis Ababa, access is limited to the urban poor children whose parents cannot afford to pay school fees. Furthermore, quality of public schools continues to be an issue, transition from grade to grade is a bottleneck for many and many who attended school fail to acquire basic skills as a result of unskilled teachers, irrelevant teaching and inadequate learning materials.
Despite these challenges, the education bureau has been doing a lot to tackle issues in regards to quality education.
In Addis Ababa, the percentage of appropriately qualified teachers in primary education is at 17.6 percent .The rate of qualified teachers in secondary schools from grades 9 to 12 is at 13.75 percent.
On the positive side, the pupil to teacher ratio is 26 students per teacher in grades 1 to 8 in public schools and 19 students per teacher in private schools in grades 1 to 8 and 18 students per teacher in grades 9 to 12.
In the capital, the survival rate to grade 8, that is, the percentage of students who completed primary education – was 80 percent, which is far above the national average of 53 percent. The repetition rate for primary (Grades 1-8) in Addis Ababa is only 2 percent, the lowest in Ethiopia.
In regards to delay in schooling, 11 percent of children aged 5 to 17 years in Addis Ababa attend school with two or more years of delay.
According to the report, there was significant success in progress of tackling matters related to school dropouts and grade repetition.