The UN security council adopted a resolution on Friday allowing the deployment of up to 12,626 personnel to support the Somali government’s nearly two decades-long fight against al-Shabaab. The existing peacekeeping force, known as the African Union transition mission in Somalia (Atmis), whose mandate ends at the end of this year, will be replaced by the leaner African Union support and stabilization mission in Somalia (Aussom). The two peacekeeping forces were preceded by the African Union mission in Somalia (Amisom), which was the largest, longest running and deadliest such mission in history…Burundi, one of the troop contributing countries, announced that it would not take part in the upcoming peacekeeping mission due to a “lack of consensus” between Burundi and Somalia on the number of troops it would be allowed to deploy…It wasn’t clear if Ethiopia, which has been a major contributor to the two past iterations of the peacekeeping forces and is also a target of al-Shabaab, would be allowed to continue to play a role. Somalia and Ethiopia have been embroiled in a year-long dispute over a sea access deal that landlocked Ethiopia reached with the separatist northern Somaliland region. (The Guardian)
Gini Index
The Gini index determines a nation’s level of income inequality by measuring the income distribution or wealth distribution across its population. The Gini index was developed in 1912 by Italian statistician Corrado Gini.
The coefficient of the Gini index ranges from 0 (or 0%) to 1 (or 100%), with 0 representing perfect equality and 1 representing perfect inequality.
The matatu mentality
A minibus is called a matatu in Kenya. Like her, matatus rush from one end of the city to the other trying to pick up as many passengers as possible. And when you think the bus is already full, to your surprise it will stop again to let in a few more passengers. There always seems to be room for another passenger.
I watched a film the other day about chefs who worked in top restaurants and fiercely competed to be recognised as the best. At some point in his career the best amongst them ended up in financial trouble and was hunted down by his debt collectors. He became so desperate that he was at the brink of committing suicide. It was then that his strongest competitor came to his rescue and helped him out. The troubled chef asked why he had done so, and the answer was: “We need you. You are the best and you take us along to the next level. You force us to continuously improve and to excel ourselves.”
Closer to home here in Ethiopia, I once attended a meeting during which management discussed the marketing of one of their new technologies which was already being copied by others in town. The CEO then suggested to call a meeting with all producers of this new technology and discuss how to improve and maintain quality. Others in the meeting looked puzzled and asked why on earth they would do that. The CEO’s answer was simple: “If they fail, the entire new concept will fail and thus we will fail.”
Both cases underline the principle that we need competition to survive, move on and progress. This seems to go right against our gut feeling that we need to avoid competitors, fight them, and try to get them out of business instead.
So, is there another way? Is there a way, whereby competitors benefit from each other, whereby there is a win situation for both? The word competition itself means that different actors compete with or against each other. This implies that where I win, others loose. Or when somebody else wins, I loose. In other languages, competition is sometimes more described in terms of concurrence or existing alongside each other. From this point of view, businesses can actually co-operate and support each other, rather than fight each other and be in each others way. We see the formation of associations, where common interests are advocated, defended, and protected. Issues may be related to legislation, standards, information, policies, etc. Here business owners support each other in developing and protecting their sector. Within a sector, members of an association will encourage each other to uphold standards and quality. And where there are others offering similar services, you better be good for otherwise customers will go elsewhere. In this way competition serves as a motivator to perform better, a healthy situation.
Nevertheless, I see many business owners being afraid and suspicious of others who operate in the same sector. And yet this is not really necessary, if we try to turn our attitude towards competition around. Why worry if you know that you offer good quality and services in the first place? Secondly, consider yourself copied the moment you bring a new product on the market. Just make sure you are not sitting still and that you are already working on your next product or design. The copies may never reach the same standard as yours and you will have already moved on by the time the copies are available. Be a leader in your field. Keep moving on. Standing still is in fact loosing willingly as you allow others to overtake you.
Except making sure that what you offer is good and developing new products & designs, there are other strategies to remain ahead of the competition. In the first place you can consider your prices, offer deals and provide extra services. Secondly, you can attract your customers by using different marketing strategies. Advertise, use commercials, offer season deals. Instead of spending negative energy to take each other to court, a small give away or an extra free item may really boost your sales. Have a look at the big companies. There is no reason not to do something similar, be it at a smaller scale.
In conclusion I would like to make the following suggestions:
- When you intend to start a business, be motivated by what you are good at, what you like and what the needs of the market are.
- Don’t copy a business and expect to be successful simply because somebody else is.
- Find your own special service and customers within a sector and define your “niche”.
- Keep developing your business and be ahead of the rest. Be proud that others are trying to follow you.
- Work together to develop and protect your sector. Realise that you need each other here, that you are interdependent.
- Develop an attitude of concurrence, existing together. In other words, develop the matatu mentality.
Remember, there is always room for another person!
Ton Haverkort
ton.haverkort@gmail.com
Resurrecting African Ancestral Memory
People of Africa ancestry unlike the majority of their counterparts from Europe, China, India, Japan and the rest of the world are foremost in their rejection of the religion and customs of their ancestors. It is estimated that currently only about 10% of the billion-plus people on the African continent identify as practitioners of traditional African religion. In the Diaspora the majority of transplanted Africans have gravitated to the religion of their tormentors to such an extent that even today African spirituality is spoken of pejoratively by the majority of Africans in the Diaspora.
European missionaries, as they paved the way for European military penetration of the African continent painted so hideous a picture of the spiritual traditions of the African people that the indigenous African population recoiled from their own religious traditions. Africans were told that ancestral reverence was akin to witchcraft and that all the spirits that were appealed to were nothing more than demons straight from the pits of hell.
Africans were encouraged, and in many instances, compelled to jettison their traditions that encouraged the maintenance of ancestral memory. For some inexplicable reason African were taught to substitute their own ancestral memory for the ancestral memory of Jews and Europeans. To complete the transformation from their backward and devilish paganism, Africans were bamboozled into trading in their languages and names for European languages and Christian names.
European military dominance over Africans on the continent and in the Diaspora was all the proof needed to establish as an unassailable fact the superiority of the deity and religion of the Europeans over the demons worshipped by African people. It mattered little that European military superiority was being buttressed by gross exploitation and outright theft from African on the continent and in the Diaspora. In a world where might was right, Europeans made certain that all things European were accepted as normative.
A cadre of professional European boot-lickers were developed among Africans whose role was to convince Africans that if the continent was ever to escape the moniker of the dark continent, then a through whitewashing of the continent was absolutely necessary. This new class of Negropeans received their apprenticeships in European colleges and seminaries which equipped them with knowledge that was designed to tighten the chains around the hands, feet, and minds of African people.
Whenever the masses became agitated due to the climate of exploitation and abuse, Negropean politicians and preachers were deployed among them to placate their anger and to reroute revolutionary aspirations into more placid social action. These Negropean politicians and preachers, like the grand old Duke of York, would march the black masses up to the top of the hill and back down the hill in a never-ending parade of useless marches up and down to the European citadels of power.
Occasionally, despite all the best efforts of the European over-lords, some really revolutionary leaders would emerge from the bosom of the African masses. Some of the revolutionary leaders were repentant Negropeans but more often than not the truly revolutionary leaders were men and women who still had intact much of their African ancestral memory. Many of these leaders, like our brave and noble ancestors from Haiti and the maroon communities that emerged among other Diasporan Africans, maintained much of their African continuity
African continuity on the continent and in the Diaspora contributed significantly to struggle for Black liberation and pride. To this day, the greatest push-back against European domination on the continent and in the Diaspora comes from groups with a strong affinity with African ancestral memory. The Rastafarian community that has mushroomed all over the Diaspora and on the African continent is known for its vocal opposition to the European system of Babylon. The Black Live Matter movement in the US also represented a resurrection of African ancestral memory in the Diaspora.
While it is not uncommon to hear boot-licking Negropean preachers castigating witchcraft in traditional African societies it must also be stated that Eurocentric Christianity has failed to transform African and other Black societies in the Diaspora. Ethiopia has had Christianity for nearly two thousand years and yet that country remains one of the poorest nations on the earth.
China, India, and Japan were all touched by the blight of European imperialism. These nations unlike the Africans resisted the cultural and religious penetration of Europeans in their societies. Today China with its traditional religion and culture is thriving. India with its ‘pagan’ Hinduism is also thriving. Japan also gave the thumbs down to European culture and religion. With its religious culture intact Japan became the initiator of the economic miracle that helped to transform Asia.
Learning from others is a sign of maturity. Imitating others to the point of the loss of self-identity is just plain dumb. Ancient Egypt with its worship of Osiris, Isis, and Horus led the world in knowledge and achievement. Ancient Egypt was so great that the Jews of the Bible often had to rely on the Egyptians for their own national survival. Africans still have much to teach the world but our ancestral memory bank will only release its secrets when Africans turn their hearts towards home and embrace the same genius that was gifted to our ancient ancestors.
Lenrod Nzulu Baraka is the founder of Afro-Caribbean Spiritual Teaching Center and the author of The Rebirth Of Black Civilization: Making Africa and the Caribbean Great Again.