Ethiopia is now a land where fear is currency and silence is the anthem. In an environment where dissent is met with repression, the government has buried the voices of opposition, leaving a nation that no longer knows freedom only survival. This troubling reality raises critical questions about the trajectory of governance and civil society in Ethiopia. As history has shown, dictators often create conditions for worse successors to emerge, ensuring they are remembered as the ‘lesser evil.’
The authorities must end their crackdown on opposition and civil society members. They must also promptly and effectively investigate allegations of torture or other ill-treatment of detainees, holding any suspected perpetrators accountable. The need for accountability and justice is paramount in restoring faith in a system that has increasingly become oppressive.
Dissent is not merely an expression of disagreement; it serves as a vital mechanism for reflective analysis on pressing issues that are often neglected by the prevailing discourse. Pronounced dissent acts as a peaceful yet powerful supplication, urging caution against actions that may lead to dire consequences. It challenges assumptions that have long ceased to be valid and warns against stagnation in thought and policy. Dissent embodies a protracted argument based on seasoned reflections and pragmatically evolved opinions.
Yet, why is dissent so reviled, especially by those in power? Dissent is often reasonable and advocates for gradual change. However, entrenched political entities tend to dismiss systemic criticism outright. For many political parties, dissent is perceived as a threat rather than an opportunity for growth. This rigid mentality stifles rational discourse and fosters an environment where attacking the messenger becomes the norm instead of addressing the message.
Rigidity is weakness. Such inflexibility can lead to breakdowns when confronted with challenges. As dissent continues to be ignored by those in power, individuals advocating for gradual change may choose to disengage entirely or prepare for resistance. Meanwhile, those who disregard dissent will continue to grind their axes against individuals rather than ideas.
The current global climate reflects a similar pattern; concerned citizens are striving to warn entrenched interests about their misguided ways. The various concoctions of the world system have become unsustainable and polarizing, threatening harmonious collective existence. Yet, entrenched interests often choose to ignore dissenting voices.
In Ethiopia, many observers have urged the ruling party leadership to allow space for dissenting voices. Initially constructive and non-threatening, this dissent was met with hostility from those who perceived external reflections as existential threats to their authority. The ruling party’s inability to accommodate differing viewpoints has led to an intellectual vacuum and moral decay within its ranks.
After the passing of former Prime Minister Meles Zenawi, a leadership void emerged that was filled by individuals more interested in self-preservation than public service. This shift continues and resulted in a government characterized by corruption and nepotism, where oligarchs monopolized economic resources while civil society organizations were stifled.
As dissent became criminalized, dissidents were labeled as enemies of the state. This troubling trend not only undermines democratic principles but also jeopardizes the future stability of Ethiopia.
The rigidity displayed by those in power ultimately leads to societal fractures that could have been avoided through open dialogue and engagement with dissenting voices. By dismissing criticism outright, authorities risk alienating critical segments of society that could contribute positively to governance and development.
History teaches us that silencing dissent does not eradicate it; rather, it forces it underground or transforms it into more radical forms of expression. As citizens grow increasingly disillusioned with their leadership, they may resort to more extreme measures to make their voices heard.
The need for a paradigm shift in how dissent is perceived cannot be overstated. Authorities must recognize that constructive criticism can lead to better governance and societal well-being. Embracing dissent as a legitimate form of engagement can pave the way for more inclusive decision-making processes that reflect the diverse perspectives within Ethiopian society.
Ethiopia stands at a crossroads where fear and silence dominate public discourse. The government must take immediate steps to end its crackdown on dissenting voices and foster an environment conducive to open dialogue. By doing so, it can begin to rebuild trust with its citizens and create a more just society where all voices are heard and valued.
As we move forward, let us remember that silence may seem like safety in the short term, but it ultimately breeds resentment and instability in the long run. It is time for Ethiopia to reclaim its voice and embrace dissent as a catalyst for positive change rather than viewing it as a threat to be silenced. Only then can the nation hope to achieve true freedom a freedom rooted in dialogue, understanding, and mutual respect among its diverse populace.
Yazan is a 20-year-old Syrian who was diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma as a child. The conflict in Syria and resulting humanitarian crisis meant that Yazan struggled to access treatment for his cancer, and he received little support from his school and community.
“I was denied entry to my final exams because I couldn’t climb the stairs to where the exam room was located. Yet they could easily have made an exception for me. I studied hard while being sick,” recalls Yazan.
Walid, a 29-year-old Egyptian, was diagnosed with osteosarcoma at the age of 15. He subsequently underwent an above-knee amputation. Currently working in finance, Walid wears a prosthetic leg. He feels the support for childhood cancer survivors is inadequate, especially when they reach adulthood.
“My experience with the side effects of the treatment was more difficult than the cancer itself,” he says. “I could have used far more counseling and support, and with the right advice could have avoided countless operations to save my limb.”
Yazan and Walid’s stories are the tip of the iceberg. They are experiences that, in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 36 000 children under the age of 19 years face each year.
The likelihood of surviving a diagnosis of childhood cancer depends on the country in which the child lives: in high-income countries, more than 80% of children with cancer are cured, while in many low- and middle-income countries the figure is less than 30%, and many survivors go on to live with disabilities.
The survival of these children depends on the capacity of national health systems to provide timely diagnosis, early referral, appropriate treatment and disability prevention, and beyond that, on the availability of financial safety nets to protect their families from the potentially catastrophic costs associated with treatment and care. It is an enormous challenge in a Region where many national health systems are fragile, have interrupted supply chains, weak referral systems, chronic shortages of specialized health workforce and provide fragmented and incoherent service delivery.
Through the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer (GICC), launched in 2018, WHO and the St Jude Children’s Research Hospital in Memphis, USA, work with national and international partners towards the ambitious yet attainable goal – to ensure that worldwide, at least 60% of children with cancer are cured, and suffering is reduced to a minimum.
Recognizing the value of the GICC in sustaining broader efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and universal health coverage, ministers of health from Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Pakistan, the occupied Palestinian territory and Syria joined the Initiative and committed to scaling up interventions across the Initiative’s CureAll framework.
They include:
streamlining governance mechanisms around childhood cancer, bringing together all relevant stakeholders at the national level, and enabling them to carry out key actions guided by national childhood cancer strategies;
building the capacity of professionals across the care continuum to ensure early detection and timely management of childhood cancer through effective referral networks at national and subnational levels;
standardizing the diagnosis and treatment of children with cancer across public and private health facilities, and between urban and rural areas, to ensure that children receive the same, high-quality treatment regardless of where they live; and
strengthening supply chain systems to avoid shortages of life-saving medicines, including through the implementation of the Global Platform for Access to Childhood Cancer Medicines and the development of essential lists of childhood cancer medicines.
While continuing to invest in childhood cancer research and work alongside other partners, governments need to ensure free care for all children affected by cancer. Families play a crucial role in the fight against childhood cancer but the financial toll can be overwhelming. Free treatment for childhood cancer and support for families makes an enormous difference in terms of improving health and quality of life.
Children with lived experience with cancer and their families should play a vital part in the design, implementation and follow-up of programmes. Their input should help determine our priorities, and their presence elevates the sense of urgency. People with lived experience must be given the space to voice their concerns about what was not addressed during or after their cancer journeys. Allowing them to use their experiences to enhance cancer care and help other children is extremely powerful.
Childhood Cancer Awareness Month is a reminder of the ongoing battle against this devastating disease. By coming together each September, we not only raise awareness and celebrate the strength and resilience of young people with cancer, we recognize that with the right levels of support and advocacy we can move towards a future in which no child is left behind, regardless of where they were born.
Distributed by APO Group on behalf of World Health Organization – Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean.
On September 9, 2024, Moscow witnessed an important cultural and historical event – the unveiling of a monument to Nelson Mandela, symbolizing the recognition of his incredible contribution to the fight for human rights and the liberation from colonial oppression on the African continent.
The monument was created by the Russian Military-Historical Society with the support of the Moscow Government. The sculptor is Mikhail Baskakov. The monument is located at the intersection of Michurinsky Prospect and Ramensky Boulevard. The sculpture will become a new symbol of friendship between nations and Russia’s cooperation with South Africa and other African countries.
In honor of this event, the Russian-African Club of Lomonosov Moscow State University created a film that deeply reveals the life path and achievements of this legendary leader.
“Nelson Mandela: The Road to Freedom”
The film presented to the audience tells the story of Nelson Mandela not only as an outstanding statesman and political figure but also as a person whose life and struggle became a symbol of resilience and courage. Born in a small African village, Mandela, known in his youth as Rolihlahla – “the troublemaker”, carried a lifelong commitment to justice and equality, perhaps inherited from his great-grandfather – the renowned chief of the Thembu tribe.
The film showcases Mandela’s life journey, from his youth when he was interested in sports and was shaping his personality, to the moment he became a globally recognized fighter against apartheid.
At university, Nelson participates in the campaign of disobedience to unjust laws. In the 1950s, he deepens his philosophical views and strives to create a classless society, inspiring those around him with his belief in justice.
After the Sharpeville tragedy in 1960, Mandela and his companions understand that radical measures are required. In 1961, the armed wing of the ANC, “Umkhonto we Sizwe” (Spear of the Nation), is established, with Nelson becoming one of its leaders.
After his arrest in 1962 and 27 years of imprisonment, Mandela’s iron will and adherence to principles remain unyielding. While in prison, he not only studies and writes but also inspires people worldwide with his courage and resilience.
In 1994, Mandela becomes the first black president of South Africa, focusing on racial reconciliation and social improvements. Improving education and healthcare were his priorities. He peacefully hands over power in 1999.
After his presidency, Mandela fights against HIV/AIDS and supports charitable projects. His foundations actively work in education and healthcare. Mandela continues to participate in international affairs and remains a symbol of the fight for human rights.
The creators of the film sought to create a deep and comprehensive portrayal of Nelson Mandela – the man, the patriot, the leader. His principles of justice and goodness continue to motivate youth around the world, and for his merits, he received the people’s name “Madiba”, meaning “the beloved one”.
We offer viewers a unique opportunity to immerse themselves in the history of the life and triumph of one of the most significant leaders of the 20th century.
In this exclusive interview with CAPITAL, Kebour Ghenna, the Executive Director of the Pan African Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PACCI), shares his vision on Africa’s journey toward economic integration through the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). Kebour Ghenna sheds light on the key challenges and opportunities for businesses, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), in navigating the evolving trade landscape. As the continent’s voice for the business community, PACCI plays a pivotal role in ensuring that Africa’s private sector capitalizes on AfCFTA, while tackling the critical barriers to trade growth.
Kebour Ghenna also touches on PACCI’s latest initiatives, including the “Be Supportive… Pay without Delay” (PWD) campaign, a continental effort to address payment delays that severely affect micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). He outlines PACCI’s continued advocacy for fair trade practices, infrastructure development, and policies that enable African businesses to compete in a global market.
With Africa at the cusp of unprecedented economic transformation, Kebour Ghenna provides insightful reflections on the path forward and how key stakeholders, including governments, financial institutions, and chambers of commerce, must collaborate to drive inclusive growth across the continent. Excerpts;
Capital: What can you tell us about the AfCFTA, the benefits and the challenges for the business community of Africa?
Kebour Ghenna: The AfCFTA (African Continental Free Trade Area) is an ambitious project to unify African economies into a single market for goods, services, and investments. Its central benefit lies in enhancing intra-African trade, which historically has been low, accounting for around 15-18% of the continent’s total trade. By eliminating tariffs on 90% of goods and reducing trade barriers, AfCFTA presents significant opportunities for African businesses to expand their markets and improve competitiveness.
However, challenges remain, particularly in ensuring that benefits are equitably distributed. More industrialized economies like South Africa may gain more in the short term, while less developed nations, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and informal sectors risk being marginalized. Additionally, transport infrastructure, non-tariff barriers, and harmonization of rules across countries still need significant work to maximize the benefits.
Capital: Is AfCFTA good for economic growth, particularly for SMEs?
Kebour Ghenna: The AfCFTA is designed to unlock Africa’s economic potential, and SMEs stand to benefit significantly from this. With the removal of tariffs on 90% of goods traded across Africa, the market for SMEs will expand from their domestic borders to the entire continent, giving them access to over 1.3 billion people. This can potentially lead to increased sales, economies of scale, and improved competitiveness. For many SMEs, this opens up a whole new market where they can not only trade but also form cross-border partnerships and build stronger supply chains.
However, for SMEs to fully benefit, some challenges need to be addressed. First, the complexities of complying with the rules of origin, that is the criteria used to determine the national source of a product may be difficult for smaller businesses. SMEs also struggle with limited access to finance, inadequate transport infrastructure, and the high cost of intra-Africa logistics, which remain barriers to trade. Addressing these issues will require focused support from governments and continental organizations.
At PACCI, we recognize these challenges and work to provide support through capacity-building programs, policy advocacy, and collaboration with partners such as the African Union Commission (AUC), UNECA, the African Development Bank (AfDB), and private entities like Afreximbank. PACCI also assists SMEs in understanding the rules of AfCFTA, accessing financing opportunities, and overcoming logistical barriers.
Capital: Is free trade always a good thing?
Kebour Ghenna: Free trade can be a powerful driver of economic growth, but it must be managed carefully. While it allows for a more efficient allocation of resources, lowers consumer prices, and boosts innovation through increased competition, free trade can also exacerbate inequalities. In Africa, where the economic playing field is uneven, the gains from free trade may be concentrated in more stronger countries and among larger firms, leaving behind smaller economies, regions, or sectors that are less competitive.
The AfCFTA will require complementary policies to ensure that all African nations and businesses benefit equally. This includes developing better infrastructure, building capacity within the informal sector, and encouraging value-added industries that can compete on a continental scale. For free trade to be truly beneficial, there must be an emphasis on inclusivity, ensuring that marginalized sectors, rural areas, and small businesses are not left out of the benefits.
In PACCI case we promote policies that enable a fair and inclusive trade environment by working directly with the AfCFTA Secretariat, the AUC, UNECA, and international organizations. We advocate for the protection of vulnerable sectors while ensuring that the benefits of free trade are maximized for all.
Capital: Do the losers from free trade need to be compensated? If so how would they be compensated?
Kebour Ghenna: Yes, those who lose out from free trade, particularly in sectors that face increased competition from more developed economies, need to be compensated. The reality of trade liberalization is that while it increases overall economic growth and opportunity, it can also result in disruptions. Certain industries, particularly those in less developed economies or rural areas, may find themselves unable to compete with larger, more established businesses in other African countries. This can lead to job losses, reduced market share, and social instability if not properly managed.
One of the mechanisms designed to address these challenges is the AfCFTA Adjustment Fund. This fund, managed by the African Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank) in partnership with the AfCFTA Secretariat, was created specifically to help countries and businesses that may be negatively affected by the transition to a more open trade regime. The fund has a Base Fund, which will provide financial support to both governments and private sector entities, helping them adjust to new competition and take advantage of the opportunities presented by the AfCFTA.
I understand the fund will be used to support retraining programs for workers, help businesses modernize and become more competitive, and provide capital for SMEs to meet the requirements for trading under the AfCFTA, such as rules of origin compliance. It can also be used to develop infrastructure and improve trade facilitation measures, helping countries that are at a disadvantage due to poor transport or logistics systems.
Capital: What other compensation is there?
Kebour Ghenna: Compensation may also come in the form of temporary protective measures for the most vulnerable industries and economies. For instance, tariffs on sensitive goods can be reduced gradually over time, giving businesses the opportunity to strengthen their capabilities before full market liberalization. This phased approach is particularly important for smaller, less developed economies, which may need more time to adjust.
In addition to these financial and protective measures, PACCI works with partners like the African Union, AfDB, UNECA, and others to ensure that compensation and adjustment mechanisms are effective. We also advocate for complementary policies, such as better access to credit, improvements in infrastructure, and capacity-building programs, so that businesses, particularly SMEs, can thrive in the new trade environment.
By ensuring that those negatively impacted are supported, the AfCFTA can create a more inclusive and sustainable trade environment across Africa. This approach not only prevents social unrest but also strengthens the resilience of all African economies, allowing them to grow and compete on a global scale.
Capital: What is PACCI’s role in the implementation of the AfCFTA?
Kebour Ghenna: PACCI plays a crucial role in facilitating the successful implementation of AfCFTA, both for businesses and governments. As an advocate for the African business community, particularly SMEs and chambers of commerce, we actively engage in policy dialogues, provide capacity-building programs, and help businesses navigate the complexities of the AfCFTA.
PACCI collaborates closely with national chambers of commerce, continental organizations such as the African Union Commission, the AfCFTA Secretariat, UNECA, UNDP, and financial institutions like the AfDB and Afreximbank. Through these partnerships, PACCI helps businesses understand the benefits and challenges of the AfCFTA, from rules of origin to trade facilitation procedures.
We also work directly with businesses to create networks that enable cross-border partnerships, supply chain development, and market expansion. This direct engagement helps businesses, especially SMEs, overcome hurdles and capitalize on the opportunities created by the AfCFTA. In addition, PACCI promotes knowledge-sharing events and workshops that bring together public and private stakeholders to align efforts for maximizing AfCFTA’s potential.
Capital: What should we expect from the 6th Edition of Prosperity Africa?
Kebour Ghenna: The 6th Edition of Prosperity Africa promises to be a significant event that will address the future of African trade and economic integration, particularly focusing on how businesses can leverage the AfCFTA to fuel growth. This year’s edition will offer a platform for critical discussions on enhancing intra-African trade, building resilient supply chains, and addressing the unique challenges faced by MSMEs. The conference will bring together industry leaders, policymakers, and entrepreneurs to foster partnerships and provide insights into emerging opportunities for businesses across sectors.
As part of our efforts to support African MSMEs, PACCI is also reaching out to large businesses to inform them about our new campaign—“Be Supportive… Pay without Delay (PWD).” This campaign directly addresses the issue of delayed payments that MSMEs frequently face from larger companies. Such delays severely impact the cash flow and sustainability of smaller businesses, which play a crucial role in driving innovation and economic development in Africa.
We are challenging large businesses, through their national chambers of commerce, to lead by example by implementing timely payment practices that can help secure the financial stability of MSMEs. With large businesses active involvement, we can amplify this campaign and foster a more equitable and supportive business environment where all enterprises, regardless of size, can thrive. The success of this campaign depends on the commitment of large companies to ensure that payments to smaller suppliers are made promptly, supporting the overall economic growth of the continent.
